Knock sensor control must be tested using a diagnostic scan tool (VAG 1551/1552 or VAS 5051/5052). The wiring for the knock sensors can be checked for electrical short circuits. Audi identifies electrical components by a letter or a number in the electrical schematics, with these electrical identifiers listed in parentheses as an aid to electrical troubleshooting. Unplug the 3-pin harness connector for knock sensor 1, located at the right side of the cylinder head, above the engine mount. Check wiring for open or short circuit to each other, to ground, and to battery positive, with a specification of Infinity Ohms (no continuity) and a maximum wire resistance of 1.5 Ohms for signal, ground, and screening. Test for short circuits between all three terminals of the knock sensor harness connector (male side) with a specification of Infinity Ohms (no continuity); if there is continuity between any of the terminals, replace the knock sensor. Unplug the 2-pin harness connector for knock sensor 2 and check wiring for open or short circuit to each other, to ground, and to battery positive, with the same specifications. Test for short circuits between the two terminals of the knock sensor harness connector (male side) with a specification of Infinity Ohms (no continuity); if there is continuity between the terminals, replace the knock sensor. Knock sensors must be tightened to exact specification for proper operation, and the use of an accurate torque wrench is necessary when installing.